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Technical Information On Phase I Environmental Site Assessments (ESAS)

By Della Monroe


A new development is always an exciting prospect and one which people devote large amounts of money and energy to. Whether the development is a factory or processing plant, the project is always of a substantial magnitude and so it requires extensive assessment and planning before construction can commence. Part of this preliminary activity is the environmental assessment, or Phase I Environmental Site Assessments (ESAS), which are conducted to determine whether an area is suitable for the development and what risks exist in it.

The consistent attitude of the developer should be that the environment matters and that pollution is not acceptable. The old-fashioned view that the environment should be taken for granted is not popular these days, and neither is a lax approach to pollution. The public and government are not going to appreciate that approach and where there is enough opposition, government can sometimes restrict or even curtail the entire project. An environmental assessment is part of a more responsible attitude.

As a rule, then, developers should always take cognisance of the environment. They should maintain the approach that the latter needs to be preserved, not damaged or polluted. This is in keeping with the modern philosophy of conservation and respect.

An ESAS incorporates several aspects of the environment that indicate its safety and suitability in terms of the development and human health. They are all important and they should all be given attention in deciding whether the area is suitable for the project.

One of the most important is the water in the area. Water is a good indicator of other conditions because it may contain any toxins that are present. Toxins in the soil and plants are probably also going to be present in the water.

Alien species are not allowed by law and should be eradicated. This is because they do not naturally form part of the food chain or ecosystem in the area and they disrupt it. They either draw too many nutrients from the soil or they choke out other (endemic) species by using too much surface area. They also sometimes cause the soil to deteriorate, which in turn leads to erosion. Another problem with vegetation, any vegetation, is that plants draw toxins into their structures from the soil or water, which they then pass on to the animals and insects which use them as a food source. Also, there are plant diseases which are a threat to agriculture.

The water in the site area is an important indicator of the chemicals present there. Water stores many different chemicals, and poisons are no exception to this. Where the water is poisoned, plants and animals are also poisoned by using it.

Then there is the soil. The soil may seem uninvolved in trouble such as toxins or diseases, but it is equally pollutable. Soil is polluted by toxins in water (such as rain) and the dead bodies of animals and decaying plants. Once soil is poisoned, it has the potential to poison anything else. Farming is not possible in such areas.

All of these aspects need to be assessed in order to determine whether the environment is suitable for the proposed development. Developers should not try to pre-empt or bypass this assessment.




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